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The explanation of consciousness in the philosophical literature over the past decade has mainly revolved between two perspectives: emergentism and panpsychism. This article aims to explain what idea emergentism is based on and describe some of its important divisions. Then, by mentioning some acceptable examples of emergent phenomena among scientists, this investigation examines the property of phenomenal consciousness as an emergent reality and discusses some basic ambiguities against it. In the following, this article defines the panpsychism perspective as a current competitor to  emergentism and a solution to its explanatory gap, introducing its upgraded and newer version, which has escaped the “combination problem”. Then, this article will highlight the explanatory ambiguity present in the relationship of supervenience, which underpins emergentism. Similarly, it will discuss the ambiguity in the latest version of panpsychism. Furthermore, the article will address the mystification and uncertainty surrounding the distinction between micro and macro levels of consciousness, as well as the definition of fundamental truths at the micro level.

Keywords: Phenomenal consciousness, Emergentism, Panpsychism, Supervenience

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