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Volume 9, Issue 2 (Summer 2007)
Advances in Cognitive Sciences 2007, 9(2): 12-25 |
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Ekhtiari H, Jangouk P, Janati A, Sahraeian A, Mokri A, Lotfi J. Characteristics of Prefrontal Cortex Specific Cognitive Processing in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis. Advances in Cognitive Sciences 2007; 9 (2) :12-25
URL: http://icssjournal.ir/article-1-362-en.html
URL: http://icssjournal.ir/article-1-362-en.html
Abstract: (2926 Views)
Introduction: Cognitive dysfunction with a prevalence of about 50 to 60 percent is the most important factor causing vocational disability and unemployment in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The role of psychological assessments in the detection of these disorders is proven; and there has been especially an emphasis on the importance of computer tests regarding their precise time recording. In this study we used computerized Farsi neuropsychological assessment tasks to evaluate the functions of dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex in MS patients.
Method: 43 patients (27 females) and 40 healthy controls (25 females), who were matched according to age, sex, IQ, and the level of depression were included in a historical cohort study by convenient sampling. The subjects also underwent a complete neurological assessment, the evaluation of Estimated Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST), Time Perception Task (TTP), Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), Delayed Discounting Task (DOT), and Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART).
Results: MS patients produced more perseverance errors in WCST and a longer time to choose from the disadvantageous deck in IGT. Also, there was a lower amount of decrease in reward value in DOT, lower amount of risk taking in BART and finally an over-estimation and over-reproduction of time intervals in TPT.
Conclusion: The analysis of data in this study showed for the first time that despite a competent general intelligence, patients with MS show a high degree of conservatism in their cognitive functions. This particular cognitive strategy which is in contrast to what is seen in drug dependents, gamblers, criminals and other risk taking groups, could be explained by Multiple Disconnection Syndrome due to specific lesions in prefrontal white matter seen in these patients, slowing of information processing, or a social learning based on the consequences and personal experience of patients with MS.
Method: 43 patients (27 females) and 40 healthy controls (25 females), who were matched according to age, sex, IQ, and the level of depression were included in a historical cohort study by convenient sampling. The subjects also underwent a complete neurological assessment, the evaluation of Estimated Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST), Time Perception Task (TTP), Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), Delayed Discounting Task (DOT), and Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART).
Results: MS patients produced more perseverance errors in WCST and a longer time to choose from the disadvantageous deck in IGT. Also, there was a lower amount of decrease in reward value in DOT, lower amount of risk taking in BART and finally an over-estimation and over-reproduction of time intervals in TPT.
Conclusion: The analysis of data in this study showed for the first time that despite a competent general intelligence, patients with MS show a high degree of conservatism in their cognitive functions. This particular cognitive strategy which is in contrast to what is seen in drug dependents, gamblers, criminals and other risk taking groups, could be explained by Multiple Disconnection Syndrome due to specific lesions in prefrontal white matter seen in these patients, slowing of information processing, or a social learning based on the consequences and personal experience of patients with MS.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2007/02/18 | Accepted: 2007/04/19 | Published: 2007/06/22
Received: 2007/02/18 | Accepted: 2007/04/19 | Published: 2007/06/22
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