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Volume 27, Issue 4 (winter 2026)
Advances in Cognitive Sciences 2026, 27(4): 28-41 |
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Eyvazzadeh Gharajeh H, Atadokht A, Mikaeli N. The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality-Based Intervention on Auditory Hallucinations and Cognitive Deficits in Individuals with Schizophrenia. Advances in Cognitive Sciences 2026; 27 (4) :28-41
URL: http://icssjournal.ir/article-1-1810-en.html
URL: http://icssjournal.ir/article-1-1810-en.html
1- MA Student in Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran
2- Professor of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardebil, Iran
2- Professor of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardebil, Iran
Abstract: (439 Views)
Introduction: Schizophrenia, as one of the most complex psychiatric disorders, causes numerous physical and psychological problems, significantly affecting patients’ quality of life. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Virtual Reality (VR)-based intervention on auditory hallucinations and cognitive deficits in individuals with schizophrenia.
Methods: This experimental study used a pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population included all individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia who attended treatment and rehabilitation centers in Ardabil, Iran, in 2024. Thirty participants were selected through purposive non-random sampling based on inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received eight sessions of 90-minute VR intervention, while the control group received no intervention. Data were collected using the Auditory Hallucinations Rating Scale (Alnay & Slade, 1981) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) were used to analyze the data.
Results: After controlling for pretest effects, significant differences were found between the experimental and control groups in posttest scores for auditory hallucinations and cognitive impairment in individuals with schizophrenia.
Conclusion: VR therapy can effectively reduce auditory hallucinations and cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia and may be considered a novel intervention method.
Methods: This experimental study used a pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population included all individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia who attended treatment and rehabilitation centers in Ardabil, Iran, in 2024. Thirty participants were selected through purposive non-random sampling based on inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received eight sessions of 90-minute VR intervention, while the control group received no intervention. Data were collected using the Auditory Hallucinations Rating Scale (Alnay & Slade, 1981) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) were used to analyze the data.
Results: After controlling for pretest effects, significant differences were found between the experimental and control groups in posttest scores for auditory hallucinations and cognitive impairment in individuals with schizophrenia.
Conclusion: VR therapy can effectively reduce auditory hallucinations and cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia and may be considered a novel intervention method.
Type of Study: Research |
Received: 2025/07/15 | Accepted: 2026/01/8 | Published: 2026/06/10
Received: 2025/07/15 | Accepted: 2026/01/8 | Published: 2026/06/10
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