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Volume 22, Issue 3 (Autumn 2020)
Advances in Cognitive Sciences 2020, 22(3): 37-47 |
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Majdabadi F, Ebrahimpour R. The role of explicit and implicit confidence in multi-stage decisions. Advances in Cognitive Sciences 2020; 22 (3) :37-47
URL: http://icssjournal.ir/article-1-1088-en.html
URL: http://icssjournal.ir/article-1-1088-en.html
1- MS of Cognitive Science, Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran
2- Professor of Artificial Intelligence, Department of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Computer Engineering, Shahid Rejaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
2- Professor of Artificial Intelligence, Department of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Computer Engineering, Shahid Rejaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: (1978 Views)
Introduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the role of explicit confidence versus implicit in the context of studying how to set the strategy of multi-stage decisions. In this study, two-stage decision making has been used as a suitable context to examine this difference. This issue is significant because the formation of confidence has been one of the most important questions posed. This study aim to provide a better view of confidence and its effect on the different elements of decision making.
Methods: This research was an experimental study with a within subject design. The experiments were done on a sample of 12 people (10 man, 22-36 years old), selected through convenience sampling. Each participant completed a total of 528 tests in 4 blocks of random dot motion. Participants had to make two consecutive perceptual decisions simultaneously with the answer, they announced their degree of certainty with a visual saccade. The testing and data analysis was done in MATLAB.
Results: The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that reducing the motion strength in the first decision leads to increasing the response time of the second decision. Also, a higher level of confidence in the first decision leads to an increase in the response time of the second decision. The results of the Wilcoxon test indicated that the confidence of the first decision has a greater effect on the response time of the second decision in comparison to the effect of the accuracy of the first decision on the response time of the second decision.
Conclusion: When the confidence level of each decision is consciously reported, simultaneously with their responses, it has the same effect on the strategy’s setting as the lack of reporting uncertainty. Accordingly, it can be said that in the context of multi-stage perceptual decisions, explicit and implicit confidence act similarly.
Methods: This research was an experimental study with a within subject design. The experiments were done on a sample of 12 people (10 man, 22-36 years old), selected through convenience sampling. Each participant completed a total of 528 tests in 4 blocks of random dot motion. Participants had to make two consecutive perceptual decisions simultaneously with the answer, they announced their degree of certainty with a visual saccade. The testing and data analysis was done in MATLAB.
Results: The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that reducing the motion strength in the first decision leads to increasing the response time of the second decision. Also, a higher level of confidence in the first decision leads to an increase in the response time of the second decision. The results of the Wilcoxon test indicated that the confidence of the first decision has a greater effect on the response time of the second decision in comparison to the effect of the accuracy of the first decision on the response time of the second decision.
Conclusion: When the confidence level of each decision is consciously reported, simultaneously with their responses, it has the same effect on the strategy’s setting as the lack of reporting uncertainty. Accordingly, it can be said that in the context of multi-stage perceptual decisions, explicit and implicit confidence act similarly.
Type of Study: Research |
Received: 2020/01/22 | Accepted: 2020/09/25 | Published: 2020/10/1
Received: 2020/01/22 | Accepted: 2020/09/25 | Published: 2020/10/1
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