other نقش مسیر L- آرژینین/ نیتریک اکساید در اثر ضد افسردگی لیتیوم در مدل آزمون شنای اجباری تخصصي Special پژوهشي اصیل Research <p dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify; font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span lang="FA" style="background: white; padding: 0cm; border: 1pt windowtext; border-image: none; color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-bidi-language: FA;"><strong>هدف:</strong> هدف این مطالعه بررسی نقش مسیر</span><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font color="#000000">- &nbsp;</font></span><span lang="FA" style="background: white; padding: 0cm; border: 1pt windowtext; border-image: none; color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-bidi-language: FA;">آرژینین/ اکسید نیتریک در اثرات ضد افسردگی لیتیوم در آزمون شنای اجباری در موش های سوری بود.</span><span dir="LTR" style="background: white; padding: 0cm; border: 1pt windowtext; border-image: none; color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-bidi-language: FA;">&nbsp;</span><br> <span lang="FA" style="background: white; padding: 0cm; border: 1pt windowtext; border-image: none; color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-bidi-language: FA;"><strong>روش:</strong> این مطالعه از نوع تجربی بود و آزمون شنای اجباری به عنوان مدل افسردگی و مدت زمان بی حرکتی به عنوان معیار افسردگی در نظر گرفته شد. اثر تجویز حاد دوزهای مختلف هر یک از داروهای لیتیوم</span><span dir="LTR" style="background: white; padding: 0cm; border: 1pt windowtext; border-image: none; color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-bidi-language: FA;">&nbsp;</span></span><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font color="#000000">(۰/۵-۱۰۰ mg/kg)</font></span></span><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font color="#000000">&nbsp;</font></span><span lang="FA" style="background: white; padding: 0cm; border: 1pt windowtext; border-image: none; color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-bidi-language: FA;">مهار کننده غیر اختصاصی آنزیم سازنده NO</span></span><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font color="#000000">&nbsp;</font></span><span lang="FA" style="background: white; padding: 0cm; border: 1pt windowtext; border-image: none; color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-bidi-language: FA;">به نام</span><span dir="LTR" style="background: white; padding: 0cm; border: 1pt windowtext; border-image: none; color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-bidi-language: FA;">&nbsp;</span></span><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font color="#000000">(۱۰-۱۰۰ mg/kg) L-NAME</font></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font color="#000000">، مهار کننده اختصاصی آنزیم سازنده NO</font></span></span><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font color="#000000">&nbsp;</font></span><span lang="FA" style="background: white; padding: 0cm; border: 1pt windowtext; border-image: none; color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-bidi-language: FA;">به نام</span><span dir="LTR" style="background: white; padding: 0cm; border: 1pt windowtext; border-image: none; color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-bidi-language: FA;">&nbsp;</span></span><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font color="#000000">(۵-۳۰ mg/kg) L-NPA</font></span></span><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font color="#000000">&nbsp;</font></span><span lang="FA" style="background: white; padding: 0cm; border: 1pt windowtext; border-image: none; color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-bidi-language: FA;">و پیش ساز تولید NO </span></span><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span lang="FA" style="background: white; padding: 0cm; border: 1pt windowtext; border-image: none; color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-bidi-language: FA;">به نام</span></span><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font color="#000000">- &nbsp;</font></span><span lang="FA" style="background: white; padding: 0cm; border: 1pt windowtext; border-image: none; color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-bidi-language: FA;">آرژینین</span><span dir="LTR" style="background: white; padding: 0cm; border: 1pt windowtext; border-image: none; color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-bidi-language: FA;">&nbsp;</span></span><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font color="#000000">(۷۵۰ mg/kg)</font></span></span><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font color="#000000">&nbsp;</font></span><span lang="FA" style="background: white; padding: 0cm; border: 1pt windowtext; border-image: none; color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-bidi-language: FA;">در آزمون شنای اجباری سنجیده شد. سپس اثرL-NAME </span><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font color="#000000">،L-NPA&nbsp;</font></span><span lang="FA" style="background: white; padding: 0cm; border: 1pt windowtext; border-image: none; color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-bidi-language: FA;">و </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="background: white; padding: 0cm; border: 1pt windowtext; border-image: none; color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm;"><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">L</span></span><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font color="#000000">-L</font></span><span lang="FA" style="background: white; padding: 0cm; border: 1pt windowtext; border-image: none; color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-bidi-language: FA;">آرژینین بر اثرات ضد افسردگی لیتیوم بررسی گردید</span><span dir="LTR" style="background: white; padding: 0cm; border: 1pt windowtext; border-image: none; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-bidi-language: FA;"><font color="#000000">.&nbsp;</font></span><br> <strong><font color="#000000">یافته ها: </font></strong></span></span>لیتیوم در دوزهای<span none="" style="background: white; padding: 0cm; border: 1pt windowtext; border-image: none; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family:;" windowtext="">p<۰/۰۱) ۳۰ mg/kg) و </span>p<۰/۰۵) ۱۰۰ mg/kg)&nbsp;به طور معنی داری باعث کاهش زمان&nbsp;بی حرکتی موش ها در آزمون شد، ولی در دوزهای(mg/kg ۰/۵-۱۰ اثری نداشت. در&nbsp; L-NAME دوزهای ۳۰ و ۱۰۰&nbsp;mg/kg باعث کاهش زمان بی حرکتی موش ها در آزمون شنای اجباری شدند (p<۰/۰۵). تجویز همزمان دوزهای غیرمؤثرL-NAME ۳۰mg/kg) و یا L-NPA (۱۵mg/kg) با دوز غیرمؤثر لیتیوم (۱۰kg/mg) باعث کاهش معنی دار مدت بی حرکتی موش ها در آزمون شد (به ترتیب p<۰/۰۱ و p<۰/۰۰۱). L- آرژینین که به تنهایی اثری بر آزمون نداشت، باعث مهار اثرات ضدافسردگی دوز مؤثر لیتیوم (۳۰ mg/kg) شد (P<۰/۰۱).<br> <span dir="RTL"><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span lang="FA" style="background: white; padding: 0cm; border: 1pt windowtext; border-image: none; color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-bidi-language: FA;"><strong>نتیجه گیری: </strong>مسیر L</span></span><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font color="#000000">- </font></span><span lang="FA" style="background: white; padding: 0cm; border: 1pt windowtext; border-image: none; color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-bidi-language: FA;">آرژینین NO </span></span><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span lang="FA" style="background: white; padding: 0cm; border: 1pt windowtext; border-image: none; color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-bidi-language: FA;">در اثرات ضد افسردگی لیتیوم در مدل آزمون شنای اجباری دخالت دارد و همچنین این یافته ها می تواند استفاده از دوزهای اندک لیتیوم با مهار کننده های سنتز کننده NO</span></span><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="outline: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><font color="#000000">&nbsp;</font></span><span lang="FA" style="background: white; padding: 0cm; border: 1pt windowtext; border-image: none; color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-bidi-language: FA;">را برای درمان افسردگی پیشنهاد کند</span><span dir="LTR" style="background: white; padding: 0cm; border: 1pt windowtext; border-image: none; color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-bidi-language: FA;">.</span></span></span></span></p> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: tahoma;"><span style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong>Objective:</strong> In the present study we evaluated the involvement of L-arginine/nitric oxide (NO) pathway in the antidepressant-like effects of acute lithium administration in the mouse forced swimming test (FST).</span><br style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 13.33px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" > <span style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong>Methods:</strong> It was an experimental study. Forced swimming test was applied as a model for depression; the immobility time was considered as an indicator of depression. In the present study, the effects of lithium (0.5-100 mg/kg), the nonselective NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, Np</span><sup style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">GP&nbsp;</sup><span style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10-100 mg/kg), the specific neuronal NOS inhibitor, Np</span><sup style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">wP</sup><span style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">-propyl-L-arginine (L-NPA, 5-15 mg/kg), and the NO precursor L-arginine (750 mg/kg) were evaluated.</span><br style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 13.33px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" > <span style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong>Results: </strong>Lithium, at 30 and 100 mg/kg, significantly reduced the immobility times of mice in the FST, whereas at lower doses (0.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) had no effect on the immobility time. L-NAME, at 10 and 30 mg/kg, and LNPA, at 5 and 15 mg/kg, had no significant effects on the FST, whereas they significantly decreased the immobility time at 100 and 30 mg/kg, respectively. Combination of non effective dose of lithium (10 mg/kg) with low doses of L-NAME (30 mg/kg) or L-NPA (15 mg/kg) significantly reduced the immobility time in the FST. Non-effective dose of L-arginine (750 mg/kg) significantly reversed the antidepressant-like effect of 30 mg/kg lithium in the FST.</span><br style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 13.33px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" > <span style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> These data indicate the involvement of L-arginine/NO pathway in the antidepressant-like effect of lithium in the mouse FST and also might suggest the concurrent administration of NOS inhibitors and lithium as an appropriate strategy for treatment of depression.</span></span></span></div> لیتیوم, افسردگی, اکسید نیتریک, مهار کننده آنزیم سازنده اکسید نیتریک, آزمون شنای اجباری Lithium, Depression Nitric Oxide, Nos Inhibitor, Forced Swimming Test 1 8 http://icssjournal.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2-374&slc_lang=other&sid=1 Mehdi Ghasemi مهدی قاسمی m82_ghasemi@yahoo.com 10031947532846003650 10031947532846003650 Yes گروه فارموکولوژی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران. Hamed Sadeghipour Roudsari حامد صادقی پور رودسری 10031947532846003651 10031947532846003651 No گروه فارموکولوژی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران. Ahmadreza Dehpour احمدرضا دهپور 10031947532846003652 10031947532846003652 No گروه فارموکولوژی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران. Hamidreza Sadeghipour Roudsari حمیدرضا صادقی پور رودسری 10031947532846003653 10031947532846003653 No گروه فیزیولوژی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران.