fa بررسی تحریک الکتریکی مستقیم فرا‌جمجمه‌ای بر بهبود تفکر استراتژیک مدیران کسب‌وکار شهرستان کوار: یک طرح نیمه آزمایشی علوم اعصاب شناختی پژوهشي اصیل Research <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مقدمه</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">:</span></span></span></b> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تفکر استراتژیک به عنوان یک مهارت بیش از همه افراد جامعه مورد نیاز مدیران می&shy;باشد</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">. هدف این مطالعه</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> بررسی تاثیر تحریک الکتریکی مستقیم فرا&shy;جمجمه &shy;ای بر بهبود تفکر استراتژیک مدیران کسب وکار شهرستان کوار بو</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ده است</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%">.</span></span><br> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ر</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">وش‌کار:</span></span></span></b> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">این پژوهش نیمه &shy;آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">-</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">پس‌آزمون همراه با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری این مطالعه شامل مدیران کسب &shy;و&shy;کار </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در شهرستان کوار استان فارس</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> بود که از میان آنها 30 نفر به صورت در دسترس انتخاب و به طور تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل گمارده شدند. </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">برای جمع‌آوری داده &shy;ها از </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">پرسشنامه تفکر&shy; استراتژیک گلدمن و پرسشنامه هوش وکسلر</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">استفاده شد. داده&shy; های به دست آمده با</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">استفاده از تحلیل کوواریانس چندمتغیری (مانکوا) در فضای نرم‌افزار</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">SPSS</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نسخه </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">26 </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تجزیه و تحلیل شدند</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%">.</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="FA" style="font-size:5.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">یافته‌ها</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">:</span></span></span></b> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">یافته‌های به دست آمده از تحلیل کوواریانس حاکی از تفاوت معنادار </span></span></span><span arial="" lang="FA" style="font-family:">میان گروه ها پیش وپس از دریافت مداخله بود</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">(0/05></span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">P</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">).</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مداخله </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تحریک الکتریکی مستقیم فراجمجمه‌ای بر تفکر&shy;سیستمی(</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">0/004)</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">، آینده &shy;نگری (</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">0/03)</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">، تکمیل &shy;تصاویر (</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">0/04)</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">، فراخنای&shy;ارقام (</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">0/04)</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">، طراحی&shy; مکعب ها (</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">0/001)</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> و رمزنویسی (</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">0/001)</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">&nbsp;موثر بود</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">. همچنین بین میزان نمرات</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> تفکرمفهومی، فرصت &shy;طلبی هوشمندانه، تنظیم &shy;تصاویر، حساب، الحاق &shy;قطعات </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">گروه آزمایش تحریک فراجمجمه‌ای مغز با گروه کنترل تفاوت معنادار وجود نداشت</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">(p</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="line-height:107%"><span arial="" style="font-family:">&ge;0/05</span></span><span style="line-height:107%"><span arial="" style="font-family:">)</span></span></span><br> <br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نتیجه‌گیری:</span></span></span></b> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد تحریک الکتریکی مستقیم فراجمجمه‌ای با افزایش فعالیت قشر پیشانی چپ می تواند به عنوان روشی در جهت افزایش تفکر استراتژیک مدیران توصیه شود، این روش می&shy; تواند در طراحی مداخلات شناختی برای ارتقای کیفیت تصمیم&shy; گیری مدیران مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span cambria="" style="font-family:">&shy;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; <div><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Introduction:</span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> Strategic thinking is a skill that is most needed by managers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of transcranial direct electrical stimulation on improving strategic thinking in business managers in Kavar County.</span></span></span></span><br> <br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Methodology:</span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this study included business managers in Kavar city, Fars province, from whom 30 people were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The Goldman Strategic Thinking Questionnaire and the Wechsler Intelligence Questionnaire were used to collect data. The obtained data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) in the SPSS software version 26.</span></span></span></span><br> <br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Findings:</span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> The findings from the analysis of covariance indicated a significant difference between the groups before and after receiving the intervention (P<0.05). The direct transcranial electrical stimulation intervention was effective on systemic thinking (0.004), future thinking (0.03), picture completion (0.04), number-spacing (0.04), cube design (0.001), and coding (0.001). There was also no significant difference between the scores of conceptual thinking, opportunism, image organization, arithmetic, and piece joining between the transcranial brain stimulation experimental group and the control group (p&ge;0.05).</span></span></span></span><br> <br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Conclusion:</span></b><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> The results of this study showed that direct transcranial electrical stimulation by increasing the activity of the left frontal cortex can be recommended as a method to increase the strategic thinking of managers. This method can be used in the design of cognitive interventions to improve the quality of managers&#39; decision-making.</span></span></span></span><br> <br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp;</div> تحریک‌ الکتریکی مستقیم فراجمجمه ای، تفکر استراتژیک، مدیران کسب و کار Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (TDCS), Strategic thinking, Business managers. 0 0 http://icssjournal.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2088-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Hasan Soltani حسن سلطانی H.soltani@iau.ac.ir 1281793906 100319475328460019986 Yes Department of managment, shi. c., Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran. گروه مدیریت، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران Abdoolah Karari Mozafari عبداله کراری مظفری Abdullah.karari@yahoo.com 6839971783 100319475328460019987 No Department of managment, shi. c., Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran. گروه مدیریت، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران