fa Development and validation of a questionnaire for assessing knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding communication, language, speech, and swallowing in three to five-year-old children فلسفه ذهن و زبان شناسی شناختی پژوهشي اصیل Research <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">U</span><span style="color:black">nderstanding parental knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding children&rsquo;s developmental milestones is essential. Similarly, it is vital to know what parents think about their children&rsquo;s communication, language, speech, and swallowing. Consequently, designing a questionnaire to obtain this information was necessary. This study </span><span style="color:black">reports</span><span style="color:black"> the process of questionnaire preparation and publish</span><span style="color:black">es</span><span style="color:black"> data about parents&rsquo; information&mdash;the preparation steps involved designing</span><span style="color:black"> the questionnaire&rsquo;s </span><span style="color:black">initial version by</span> <span style="color:black">articles. Experts prepared pre-test versions of relevant items. Next,</span> <span style="color:black">pre-test version content validity was assessed by the Lauche method in collaboration with ten experts. Then,</span> <span style="color:black">impact factors were </span><span style="color:black">evaluated</span><span style="color:black"> by 15 parents. Finally, 150 participants completed the pre-test questionnaire. Twenty-six parents evaluated the test-retest reliability score. The final version was tested on 267 parents. Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to analyze the </span><span style="color:black">data. </span><span style="color:black">Through discussion sessions, irrelevant items were removed. Consequently, fifty-two items remained, and due to face validity scores, none received less than 1.5 points. Therefore, this version was conducted as a trial version.</span> <span style="color:black">Cronbach&rsquo;s alpha for the study was 0.74,</span><span style="color:black"> and </span><span style="color:black">test-retest reliability was 0.85. Analysis revealed a non-normal distribution with a P-value of less than 0.05. Knowledge levels averaged 9.5, attitudes averaged 74.5, and practice levels averaged 57. </span><span style="color:black">Considering </span><span style="color:black">validity and reliability scores, the questionnaire is beneficial for assessing </span><span style="color:black">parents&rsquo; K.A.P.</span><span style="color:black"> regarding developmental milestones. </span><span style="color:black">Using this questionnaire, therapists can recommend parents who are uncertain about their child&rsquo;s milestones that the</span><span style="color:black"> parents&rsquo; knowledge of these developmental skills is higher than average, but they did not practice them according to scientific facts.</span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp;</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">U</span><span style="color:black">nderstanding parental knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding children&rsquo;s developmental milestones is essential. Similarly, it is vital to know what parents think about their children&rsquo;s communication, language, speech, and swallowing. Consequently, designing a questionnaire to obtain this information was necessary. This study </span><span style="color:black">reports</span><span style="color:black"> the process of questionnaire preparation and publish</span><span style="color:black">es</span><span style="color:black"> data about parents&rsquo; information&mdash;the preparation steps involved designing</span><span style="color:black"> the questionnaire&rsquo;s </span><span style="color:black">initial version by</span> <span style="color:black">articles. Experts prepared pre-test versions of relevant items. Next,</span> <span style="color:black">pre-test version content validity was assessed by the Lauche method in collaboration with ten experts. Then,</span> <span style="color:black">impact factors were </span><span style="color:black">evaluated</span><span style="color:black"> by 15 parents. Finally, 150 participants completed the pre-test questionnaire. Twenty-six parents evaluated the test-retest reliability score. The final version was tested on 267 parents. Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to analyze the </span><span style="color:black">data. </span><span style="color:black">Through discussion sessions, irrelevant items were removed. Consequently, fifty-two items remained, and due to face validity scores, none received less than 1.5 points. Therefore, this version was conducted as a trial version.</span> <span style="color:black">Cronbach&rsquo;s alpha for the study was 0.74,</span><span style="color:black"> and </span><span style="color:black">test-retest reliability was 0.85. Analysis revealed a non-normal distribution with a P-value of less than 0.05. Knowledge levels averaged 9.5, attitudes averaged 74.5, and practice levels averaged 57. </span><span style="color:black">Considering </span><span style="color:black">validity and reliability scores, the questionnaire is beneficial for assessing </span><span style="color:black">parents&rsquo; K.A.P.</span><span style="color:black"> regarding developmental milestones. </span><span style="color:black">Using this questionnaire, therapists can recommend parents who are uncertain about their child&rsquo;s milestones that the</span><span style="color:black"> parents&rsquo; knowledge of these developmental skills is higher than average, but they did not practice them according to scientific facts.</span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp;</div> Children, Knowledge, Language, Speech, Development Children, Knowledge, Language, Speech, Development 23 0 http://icssjournal.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-96&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Shadi Bakhtiar Shadi Bakhtiar Shadibakhtiar@yahoo.com 100319475328460015233 100319475328460015233 Yes Department of Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences Department of Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences Atieh Ashtari Atieh Ashtari 100319475328460015234 100319475328460015234 No Department of Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences Department of Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences Fariba Yadegari Fariba Yadegari 100319475328460015235 100319475328460015235 No Department of Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences Department of Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences