Advances in Cognitive Sciences
تازه های علوم شناختی
Advances in Cognitive Sciences
Literature & Humanities
http://icssjournal.ir
1
admin
1561-4174
2783-073x
10.30514/icss
fa
jalali
1402
7
1
gregorian
2023
10
1
25
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online
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fulltext
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نقش واسطهای راهبردهای تنظیم شناختی هیجان در رابطه کارکردهای اجرایی و تابآوری در آتشنشانهای شهر تهران
The mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies on the relationship between executive functions and resilience in Tehran firefighters
روان شناسی شناختی
پژوهشي اصیل
Research
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Titr"">مقدمه</span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Titr"">:</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""> این پژوهش با هدف ارائه مدل شناختی از تابآوری و بررسی رابطه کارکردهای اجرایی و تابآوری با میانجیگری راهبردهای تنظیم شناختی هیجان انجام پذیرفت. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Titr"">روش کار:</span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""> در این پژوهش از روش همبستگی از نوع مدل­یابی معادلات ساختاری استفاده شد. جامعه آماری این پژوهش، کلیه آتشنشانهای مشغول به کار در 131 مرکز آتشنشانی شهر تهران در نیمه اول سال 1398 بود. از این بین 207 نفر با روش نمونهگیری تصادفی انتخاب شدند. برای جمع­آوری دادهها از پرسشنامه تابآوری (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Connor</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin"">و </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Davidson</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin"">، 2003)، پرسشنامه تنظیم شناختی هیجان (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">CERQ</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin"">) (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Garnefski</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin"">، 2002)، نسخه رایانه­ای آزمون استروپ کلاسیک (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">CST</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin"">، 1935) و نسخه رایانه­ای آزمون دستهبندی کارتهای ویسکانسین (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">WCST</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin"">) (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Berg</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""> و همکاران، 1948) استفاده شد. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Titr"">یافته­ها:</span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""> تحلیل داده­ها با روش مدل­سازی معادلات ساختاری نشان داد که کارکردهای اجرایی با تابآوری ارتباط مستقیم معنادار (0/01</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">P</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin"">)</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin"">و راهبردهای سازگارانه تنظیم شناختی هیجان با تابآوری رابطه مثبت معنادار</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin"">(0/01</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">P</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin"">)</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin"">و راهبردهای ناسازگارانه تنظیم شناختی هیجان با تابآوری رابطه منفی معنادار</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin"">(0/01</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">P</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin"">)</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin"">دارد، اما بین کارکردهای اجرایی و راهبردهای سازگارانه و ناسازگارانه تنظیم شناختی هیجان ارتباط معنادار موجود نداشت (0/05</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">P></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin"">). اثر غیرمستقیم کارکردهای اجرایی به تاب­آوری معنا­دار نبود (0/05</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">P></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin"">). </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Titr"">نتیجه­گیری:</span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""> نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد مدل پژوهش از برازش مطلوبی برخوردار است. با توجه به یافته­های این پژوهش می­توان تاب­آوری را از طریق کارکردهای اجرایی پیش­بینی کرد</span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin"">و تاب­آوری افراد را با ارتقا راهبرهای تنظیم شناختی هیجان و کارکردهای اجرایی تقویت کرد.</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Introduction</span></b><b><span lang="FA" dir="RTL" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></b></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Resilience is the ability to adapt to challenging situations. It is the process and outcome of successfully adapting to complex or challenging life experiences, primarily through mental, emotional, and behavioral flexibility. Resilience can protect people from various mental health conditions, such as anxiety and depression. Nowadays, resilience has become essential to businesses, governments, and other organizations. Organizational resilience is the ability of an organization to quickly adapt to disruptions while maintaining continuous business operations and safeguarding people, assets and overall brand equity. Executive functions include high-order cognitive abilities such as cognitive flexibility, planning, working memory, problem-solving, inhibitory control, and reasoning. This study aimed to present a cognitive model of resilience and investigate the relationship between executive functions and resilience mediated by cognitive emotion regulation strategies. In this study, the correlation method of structural equation modeling was used. The statistical population of this study was all firefighters working in 131 fire stations in Tehran in the first half of 2018.</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></span></span></span></span><br>
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" strokecolor="black [3040]" style="position:absolute; left:0; text-align:left; margin-left:137px; margin-top:9px; width:48pt; height:0; z-index:251655168" type="#_x0000_t32"> <v:stroke endarrow="open"> </v:stroke></v:shape><b><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Executive functions Cognitive emotion regulation strategies Resilience</span></b><b><span lang="FA" dir="RTL" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></b></span></span></span></span><br>
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<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><b>Methods</b></span><b><span lang="FA" dir="RTL" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></b></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The target population in the present study was all the firefighters working in 131 fire stations in Tehran, Iran, in the first half of 2018, who were working in the operational department of the fire department. In this study, a random sampling method was used so that eight fire stations in Tehran were randomly selected, and 207 firefighters answered the questionnaires and computer tests. In structural equation modeling methodology, the sample size can be determined between five and 15 people for each measured variable 5Q<n<15Q where Q is the number of observed variables or the number of questionnaire items and n is the sample size.</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> Among them, 207 firefighters were chosen by random sampling method. The Resilience Questionnaire (Connor & Davidson, 2003), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ, Garnefski, 2002), Classic Stroop test (CST, 1935) and Wisconsin card classification computer version (WCST, Berg et al., 1948) were used to collect data.</span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The study included all firefighters working in the operational department of the fire department who participated in fire rescue and extinguishing operations and were willing to participate in the research. Descriptive statistics, mean, standard deviation, and inferential statistics such as Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. This study employed the Structural Equation Analysis method to evaluate the hypothetical model. Besides, the current study utilized AMOS-24 and SPSS-21 software for this analysis. </span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Results</span></b><span lang="FA" dir="RTL" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Structural equation modeling data analysis reveals a significant positive correlation between executive functions and resilience (P<0.01). Similarly, adaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation also demonstrate a significant positive correlation with resilience (P<0.01). However, maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies show a negative correlation with resilience (P<0.01</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">).</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Interestingly, no significant relationship was found between executive functions and either adaptive or maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Furthermore, executive functions' indirect effects on resilience are insignificant (P>0.05). </span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Conclusion</span></b><b><span lang="FA" dir="RTL" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></b></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><a name="_Hlk134440376"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">According to the </span></a><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">findings</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> of this research, resilience can be predicted through executive functions, and this model fits well. People's resilience will be strengthened by promoting cognitive emotion regulation strategies and executive functions.</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> Therefore, the programs and training that improve people's cognitive functions increase a person resilience of through cognitive methods, considered as an indirect, fast, and less expensive intervention. Training classes and programs in order to strengthen the adaptive strategies of cognitive regulation of emotion and reduce the use of maladaptive strategies of cognitive regulation of emotion will improve the level of psychological resilience of people</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">.</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Ethical </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Considerations</span></span></span></b><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Participants received essential guidelines at the start of the study. The researchers gathered informed consent from willing volunteers who agreed to participate. In addition, the researchers upheld the principle of confidentiality for information received from the firefighters of the operational department. The study participants were free to withdraw at any point if they chose not to continue. No one was compelled to persist with the testing and questionnaire process. </span><b><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></b></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Authors'</span></b><b> </b><b><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">contributions</span></b><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></b></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The authors contributed </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">equally</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> to the theoretical and empirical aspects of the study.</span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Funding</span></b><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></b></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The authors </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">have</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> received no funding for this manuscript.</span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Acknowledgments</span></b></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">This research is extracted from the master's thesis of the first author in the Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran (Thesis code: 830620). The </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">authors</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> want to thank all who participated in this study.</span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Conflicts</span></b><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> of interest</span></b></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">authors</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> reported no potential conflict of interest.</span></span></span></span></span><br>
</div>
تابآوری, راهبردهای تنظیم شناختی هیجان, کارکردهای اجرایی
Resilience, Strategies of cognitive emotion regulation, Executive functions
18
31
http://icssjournal.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1627-3&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Zahra
Mehravar
زهرا
مهرآور
100319475328460016087
100319475328460016087
No
PhD Student of Clinical Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
دانشجوی دکتری، روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران
Farideh
Hosseinsabet
فریده
حسین ثابت
Hoseinsabet@atu.ac.ir
100319475328460016088
100319475328460016088
Yes
Associate Professor of Clinical Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
دانشیار، گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران
Faramarz
Sohrebi
فرامرز
سهرابی
100319475328460016089
100319475328460016089
No
Professor of Clinical Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, Allameh Tabataba'i University,Tehran, Iran
استاد، گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران