Advances in Cognitive Sciences

fa پیش‌بینی گرایش به روابط فرازناشویی بر اساس طرحواره‌های ناسازگار اولیه و حمایت اجتماعی در زنان Prediction of tendency to extramarital relationships based on early maladaptive schemas and social support in women علوم اعصاب شناختی پژوهشي اصیل Research <div style="text-align: justify;">مقدمه: روابط فرازناشویی یکی از مهم‌ترین تهدیدها برای ثبات روابط زناشویی و از عمده‌ترین دلایل طلاق در فرهنگ‌های مختلف است. طرحواره‌های ناسازگار اولیه و حمایت اجتماعی با کیفیت روابط زناشوئی و گرایش به روابط فرازناشویی ارتباط دارند. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی نقش طرحواره‌های ناسازگار اولیه و حمایت اجتماعی در پیش‌بینی گرایش به روابط فرازناشویی زوجین می‌باشد. روش کار: روش انجام مطالعه توصیفی_تحلیلی از نوع  همبستگی بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر زنان مراجعه‌کننده به مراکز مشاورهای منطقه ۶ تهران در نیمه دوم سال 1398 بودند که نمونه‌ای 200 نفری به ‌صورت تصادفی چندمرحله‌ای از میان آنان انتخاب شدند. برای گردآوری داده‌ها از پرسشنامه‌های گرایش به روابط فرازناشویی، طرحواره‌های ناسازگار اولیه و حمایت اجتماعی استفاده شد. در این پژوهش به ‌منظور تحلیل داده‌ها از همبستگی و رگرسیون چندگانه استفاده شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS-24  تحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان دادند گرایش به روابط فرازناشویی را می‌توان با ترکیب خطی متغیرهای پیش‌بین، تبیین کرد. بر اساس نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون، 24 درصد از واریانس متغیر گرایش به روابط فرازناشویی به کمک متغیرهای پیشبین (طرحواره‌های ناسازگار اولیه و حمایت اجتماعی) قابل پیش‌بینی است (001/0P≤). نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به رابطه بین طرحواره‌های ناساگار اولیه و حمایت اجتماعی با گرایش به روابط فرازناشویی، پیشنهاد می‌شود با شناسایی و چالش با طرحواره‌های ناسازگار اولیه و افزایش میزان حمایت اجتماعی زمینه لازم برای افزایش تفاهم زوجین و کاهش گرایش به روابط فرازناشویی فراهم گردد.</div> Introduction Extramarital relationship is one of the most critical threats to the stability of marital relations and one of the main reasons for divorce in different cultures. Extramarital relationship is a phenomenon that often occurs due to the fulfillment of a person's emotional or sexual needs through relationships outside of marriage. Research has shown that one of the factors influencing the Tendency to extramarital relationship is early maladaptive schemas. Early maladaptive schemas are memories, emotions, bodily sensations, and cognitions that are formed in the mind at the beginning of development and are repeated throughout life, and affect the way of interprets experiences and relationships with others. Another factor that plays a role in the tendency to extramarital relationship is social support. Social support is one of the most important sources of protection, which refers to the perception of comfort, care, and assistance to the individual or group. In couple's relationships, social support acts as a shock absorber and a means of relieving psychological distress. Extramarital affairs are one of the main reasons for divorce and marriage breakdown. Due to the importance of the above and considering the research background, the present study was conducted to investigate the role of early maladaptive schemas and social support in predicting the Tendency to extramarital relationships of couples. Methods The research method was descriptive correlational in which the relationship between research variables is analyzed. In this study, the tendency to extramarital relationships was used as criterion variables, and early maladaptive schemas and social support were used as predictive variables. The statistical population of this study included all women referred to counseling centers in Tehran's district 6 in the second half of 2019, which was about 2000 people. The minimum sample required for correlation research is 200 people. Two hundred people (100 females and 100 males) were selected from the statistical population using a multi-stage random sampling method. For this purpose, at first, six centers were selected from the districts of Tehran, four centers from this district, and 55 people from each center. After reviewing the questionnaire, 20 incomplete questionnaires were filled out, which were excluded from the research and the final sample included 200 questionnaires. The criteria for entering the research included obtaining informed consent to participate and knowledge about the research goals. Also, the criteria for exclusion included a history of psychiatric disorder, physical illness, and disability affecting a person's life. Moreover, to adhere to ethical principles of research, the researcher introduced himself, explained the research objectives, and received informed consent from the participants. Notably, participation in the research was voluntary, and the subjects were ensured of the confidentiality terms regarding their personal information., Drigotas et al.’s tendency to extramarital affairs questionnaire, Young early maladaptive schemas questionnaire, and Vaux et al.’s social support were used to measure the research variables. Data analysis was performed by descriptive statistical methods (mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage), Pearson correlation, and multiple regression by SPSS-24 software.  (In multiple regression, multivariate normality is one of the essential assumptions that must be considered. The normality of data distribution was checked using Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test. In this study, a significance level of less than 0.05 was considered. Results In this study, the mean and standard deviation of the age of the subjects were 27.48 and 6.28, respectively. In terms of education, 148 people had diplomas, 12 had associate's degree, 35 had bachelor's degrees, and five had master's degrees. In terms of the duration of marriage, 126 persons (1-10 years), 38 persons (11-20 years), and 36 persons (21-39 years) had been married. To ensure that the data of this study meet the basis of regression analysis, the normality of data distribution was checked and confirmed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test (P<0.05). The significance of Wilks’ Lambda demonstrated a significant relationship between the tendency to extramarital relationship variables and the early maladaptive schemas and social support (F=75.38, λ=0.76, and P<0.001). In other words, the early maladaptive schemas and social support had a significant correlation with the tendency to extramarital relationships of couples. Moreover, the model presented in the current research explained 24% of the variance of the early maladaptive schemas and social support (in the role of the predictor) and the tendency to extramarital relationships (in the role of criterion variable). According to the simultaneous multiple regression results, the multiple correlation coefficient for the linear composition of the early maladaptive schemas and social support with the tendency to extramarital relationships was estimated at R=0.48, and the coefficient of determination was calculated at R2=0.24. In addition, F related to the multiple correlations obtained was equal to 28.56, which was significant at P<0.001. According to the calculated coefficient of determination, about 24% of the variance of the tendency to extramarital relationships variable could be predicted by predictors of the early maladaptive schemas and social support. In other words, early maladaptive schemas and social support predicted the tendency to extramarital relationships of couples. As observed, the beta of all variables is significant (P<0.001). However, the mistrust/abuse scheme had the highest prediction ability (β=0.45). Conclusion According to the present study results, early maladaptive schemas and social support predicted the tendency to extramarital relationships. Given that extramarital relationship is one of the main reasons for divorce. So it is suggested that workshops and training sessions be held to increase youth awareness of these issues. Also, counselors and therapists consider the importance of social support and early maladaptive in increasing couples' agreement and reducing damage to the family. Similar to other studies performed in the field of behavioral sciences, there were some limitations in the present study. For instance, it was correlational research, which means that we were unable to determine the causal relations. It is recommended that qualitative methods be used in future studies to enrich the findings in the field. Another limitation of this study is that since the subjects of this study were limited to women referred to counseling centers in Tehran's district 6 in the second half of 2019, the generalization of the results to other student should be made with caution. Therefore, it is suggested that other similar studies be conducted with different occupational groups in other cities and various cultures to increase the generalizability of the results. Ethical Considerations Compliance with ethical guidelines All participants received information about the study. They were assured that all information would remain confidential and would only be used for research purposes. For privacy reasons, the subjects' details were not recorded. The participants signed the informed consent form and had the right to leave the study at any time. Authors’ contributions Both authors were involved in topic selection, study design, concept definition, and data collection and analysis, and writing and drafting of the article. The article’s final version was also studied and approved by both authors. Funding This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or non-profit sector. This research was extracted from the MS Thesis of the first author in the Department of Psychology, faculty of psychology, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Acknowledgments In the end, the authors are grateful to all participants in the research and all those who have facilitated the research's implementation. Conflict of Interest The author declared no Conflict of Interest.   حمایت اجتماعی, طرحواره‌های ناساگار اولیه, روابط فرازناشویی Social support, Early maladaptive schemas, Extramarital relationship 133 146 http://icssjournal.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1374-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Golnar Rezakhaniha گلنار رضاخانی ها 100319475328460013141 100319475328460013141 No MSc Student of Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد روان‌شناسی بالینی، گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران Sanaz Ashkan ساناز اشکان Sanazashkan.c@gmail.com 100319475328460013142 100319475328460013142 Yes Department of Psychology, University of Tehran Alborz Campus, Tehran, Iran گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد پردیس البرز، تهران، ایران