RT - Journal Article T1 - Pre-attentional Bias Modification in Smokers: Generalization to a New Stimulus and Task Paradigm JF - icss YR - 2015 JO - icss VO - 17 IS - 1 UR - http://icssjournal.ir/article-1-314-en.html SP - 25 EP - 34 K1 - Attentional Bias Modification K1 - Dot-Probe Task K1 - Stroop Task K1 - Pre-Attentional Bias K1 - Generalization to New Stimuli K1 - Generalization to New Task AB - Introduction: Pre-attentional bias happens when several stimuli compete to grasp attention in fraction of a second, and without a conscious experience one stimulus attracts the attention. The existing literature has emphasized on the importance of pre-attentional bias as a potential cue-related factor in the process of drug addiction when abuse and relapse take place. This investigation was an attempt to propose attentional bias modification as a tool to decrease pre-attentional bias and to generalize it to a new stimulus and task (stroop test) paradigm among cigarette smokers. Method: Two groups of cigarette smokers (control and attentional bias modification) were enrolled to have their attentional bias (600 ms) as well as pre-attentional bias (200 ms) measured in response to the stimuli such as words and pictures using dot-probe and Stroop tasks. Between pre-test and post-test, the control group received a neutral training, while the attentional bias modification group subjected an attentional bias modification training. Results: Findings indicated a significant difference between the two groups on post-test in terms of both attentional and pre-attentional bias when Stroop task was used upon attentional bias to novel cues in post-test and follow up. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the efficient generalization of attentional bias modification training in decreasing pre-attentional bias in a new stimulus and task paradigm. It seems the attentional bias modification training can potentially be generalized into the real life context. LA eng UL http://icssjournal.ir/article-1-314-en.html M3 ER -