2024-03-29T12:45:23+03:30 http://icssjournal.ir/browse.php?mag_id=37&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
37-27 2024-03-29 10.1002
Advances in Cognitive Science Advances in Cognitive Sciences 1561-4174 2783-073x 10.30514/icss 2009 11 1 The Study of Factor Structure, Validity and Reliability of the Death Obsession Scale (DOS) Ali Mohammadzadeh ali-mohammadzadeh@gmail.com Ali Asghar Asgharnejad farid Ahmad Ashouri Objective: The Death Obsession Scale which was developed by Abdel-Khalek in Egypt, is designed to measure preoccupation, impulses and persistent ideas regarding death. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of this scale in Iran. Method: The current descriptive cross-sectional research was carried out in an ex-post facto research context. The Death Obsession Scale was administered to 342 individuals (126 males and 216 females), who were selected using random sampling from different schools of Allameh Tabatabie University. Results: Factor analysis via analysis of the essential elements indicated three factors, namely, ``death rumination``, ``death dominance``, and ``death idea repetition``. No significant difference was observed between males and females regarding death obsession scale and its factors. To test concurrent validity, death anxiety scale was administered simultaneously, which indicated an appropriate concurrent validity. In addition, the presence of three types of reliability was reported (test-retest, half splitting, and internal consistency). Conclusion: The results of factor analysis were in line with other research in the literature and reliability and validity coefficients were similar to previous findings. Regarding the features of appropriate psychometrics, the instruments in the present study can be used in research related to death. However, since the study was only limited to university students, there should be a limitation to generalizing the results of the present research to other social groups. Death Obsession Scale Obsession Anxiety Factor Structure Validity Reliability 2009 4 01 1 7 http://icssjournal.ir/article-1-27-en.pdf
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Advances in Cognitive Science Advances in Cognitive Sciences 1561-4174 2783-073x 10.30514/icss 2009 11 1 The Relationship between Metacognition and Cognitive Failures in the Elderly Abbas Abolghasemi abolghaemi1344@uma.ac.ir Azar Kiamarsi The purpose of the present research was to investigate the relationship of meta-cognition and cognitive failures in the elderly. The research sample consisted of 280  elderly subjects (male and female) who were randomly  selected in the city of Ardabil. Meta-cognition Questionnaire and Cognitive Failures Questionnaire were used for gathering data. The results of Pearson correlation showed that meta-cognition and its components are related to cognitive failures in elderly subjects (r=0.18, P<0.05). The result of multiple  regression showed that cognitive confidence and cognitive self-consciousness components were the best predictors of cognitive failures in order; and positive beliefs about worry, negative beliefs about the uncontrollability of thoughts, and beliefs about the need of thought control, had  not significant contribution in predicting the dependent variable. In total, the results indicated that  high levels of destorted meta-cognition increases cognitive failures in the elderly. Meta-Cognition Cognitive Failures Elderly 2009 4 01 8 15 http://icssjournal.ir/article-1-523-en.pdf
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Advances in Cognitive Science Advances in Cognitive Sciences 1561-4174 2783-073x 10.30514/icss 2009 11 1 A Comparison of Memory Recognition between Depressed and Normal Female Students in Tehran Hossein Zare h-zare@pnu.ac.ir Esmaeel Sadipoor Nahid Ghanbariha Objective: Mood states affect various cognitive factors such as attention and memory; therefore, the aim of the present study is to compare the process of memory recognition in depressed and normal individuals (among students in the city of Tehran). Method: In this study, 60 individuals were selected from among 200 female students, using cluster sampling. All participants filled out the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (1978), and the set of neutral and depressive words. Recognition memory was evaluated through word recognition. Results: After the collection of data, and using the t-test, a confidence of 0.99 was obtained. Results indicated that memory bias toward affective words is significant in depressed subjects in comparison with normal individuals. Conclusion: Depression leads to a memory bias toward emotional words and information with emotional content. Recognition Memory Affective Lexicon Depression. 2009 4 01 16 22 http://icssjournal.ir/article-1-525-en.pdf
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Advances in Cognitive Science Advances in Cognitive Sciences 1561-4174 2783-073x 10.30514/icss 2009 11 1 The Assessment of Relation between Working Memory Impairment and MRI Abnormalities in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Mahboobeh Parsaian mahparsaeian@gmail.com Abdol-Rahman Najl Rahim Ameneh Rad Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the working memory of a group of relapsing-remitting MS patients, and to examine the relationship of this impairment to MRI parameters. methods: This case-control prospective study was conducted in a clinical setting. 34 patients suffering from relapsing-remitting MS who were selected using goal oriented sampling, as well as 52 normal individuals, were examined using Luria-Nebraska Memory Scale (LNMS) to evaluate the function of the frontal lobe. MRI was performed using T2-weighted images. Results: All MS patients (without severe depressive state according to Beck Depression Scale) exhibited significant impairments in all memory variables (verbal-nonverbal, and all aspects of working memory) in comparison with the control group (normal individuals). No correlation was found between the performance in frontal test (working memory) and the presence of lesions in frontal white matter. Similar performance was correlated with lesions in non-frontal white matter. Conclusion: Results of the current study indicate working memory impairments in patients with MS. The findings indicated that specific cognitive abnormalities in MS have multifactorial etiologies, which are not adequately explained by pathology as demonstrated on MRI. In other words, in MS, overall macroscopic and microscopic brain damage is more important than the corresponding focal brain disease, in determining deficits of selective cognitive domains. Multiple Sclerosis Working Memory Neuropsychology Central Nervous System 2009 4 01 23 29 http://icssjournal.ir/article-1-526-en.pdf
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Advances in Cognitive Science Advances in Cognitive Sciences 1561-4174 2783-073x 10.30514/icss 2009 11 1 The Function of Autobiographical Memory in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder Ashraf Akbary Dehaghi akbarydehaghi@yahoo.com Ali Asghar Asgharnejad Farid Banafshe Gharraee Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the function of episodic memory in patients with borderline personality disorder and a control group. Method: In a post hoc cross-sectional study, 15 female patients with the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder according to DSM-IV criteria and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis Personality Disorders (SCID II), were compared with 15 non-patient individuals using Autobiographical Memory Retrieval Test (AMRT). Research data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test and correlation coefficient. Results: There was no significant difference in the retrieval latency of autobiographical memory between the two groups. However, there was significant difference between the patient and the control group regarding the specificity of the response to stimuli as well as the number of the words used in response to the presented word stimuli. Conclusion: Over-general retrieval of memory in patients with borderline personality disorder may help protect them from self-injury behavior through avoiding distressing memories, and may be related to deficit problem solving skills. Autobiographical Memory Borderline Personality Disorder Retrieval Of Memories 2009 4 01 30 39 http://icssjournal.ir/article-1-527-en.pdf
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Advances in Cognitive Science Advances in Cognitive Sciences 1561-4174 2783-073x 10.30514/icss 2009 11 1 Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Identity Style Inventory (ISI) Ali Khodaie akhodaie@gmail.com Omid Shokri Elizabet Crosity Fariborz Garavand Objective: The current investigation was aimed toward evaluating the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Identity Style Inventory (ISI, Berzonsky, 1992). Method: The Farsi version of ISI and the Scales of Psychological Well-Being (SPWB, Ryff, 1989) were administered to a sample of 376 students (158 male 218 female) who were selected using multi-stage sampling. The three factor structure of identity styles and the mono-factor  of commitment were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The results of confirmatory factor analysis revealed a clear three-factor structure of identity style and a mono-factor structure of commitment. High reliability for the styles of the ISI and commitment was indicated via internal consistency. Correlations between the ISI and commitment with scales of psychological well-being extended empirical support for the convergent validity of the ISI. Conclusion: These findings speak to the robustness of the ISI, in revealing its relatively stable structure, and consequently, to its potential usefulness as a valid measure for assessing social-cognitive processes relevant to identity formation in Iranian students.  Factor Structure Psychometric Properties Identity Style Inventory (ISI) 2009 4 01 40 48 http://icssjournal.ir/article-1-528-en.pdf
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Advances in Cognitive Science Advances in Cognitive Sciences 1561-4174 2783-073x 10.30514/icss 2009 11 1 The Study of Relationships Between Parents’ Perceptions and Self-Regulation Learning Alinaghi Kharazi kk@iricss.org Hossein Karashki Objective: The aim of this research was to study the relationship between parents’ perceptions and self-regulation learning in students as well as the relationship between factors in parent perception and self-regulation learning. Method: In order to conduct the study, multistage cluster sampling method was used and a sample of 685 third grade male students from Tehran high schools were selected. To collect the data, Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Pintrich and De Groot, 1990), and Perceptions of Parents Scales (Grolnick and his colleagues, 1997), whose reliability and validity had been previously obtained, were administrated to the students as a group. Results: The results of Pearson correlation showed that mutual correlation between the components of self-regulation learning (cognitive, metacognitive and resource management) and the components of parents’ perceptions (warmth and autonomy support) were significant (P<0/01). Results of multivariate regression showed that self-regulation learning was predicted by components of parents’ perceptions. Regression coefficients of mother’s warmth and autonomy support were also significant (P<0/01). Parents Perceptions Self-Regulating Learning Cognition and Metacognition 2009 4 01 49 55 http://icssjournal.ir/article-1-529-en.pdf
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Advances in Cognitive Science Advances in Cognitive Sciences 1561-4174 2783-073x 10.30514/icss 2009 11 1 Comparison of Attentional Bias in Normal Adolescents and Adolescents with Social Phobia (Using Visual Probe Task) Mehdi Reza Sarafraz sarafraz_mr@yahoo.com Mohammad Reza Taghavi Mohammad Ali Gudarzi Nourollah Mohammadi Objective: Several models state that attention in social phobia is directed towards threatening social stimuli (Clark and Wells, 1995).  Clark and Wells (1995) also propose that people with social phobia may avoid attending to social situations as well, which could in itself cause the continuation of anxiety. To solve this contradiction the vigilance-avoidance hypothesis (Mogg et al., 1997) suggests that hypervigilance is followed by avoidance of the threat stimulus, which serves as a defensive function. The present study compares attentional bias  (toward angry and happy faces, as well as objects), in clinically social phobic and normal controls. Method: Eight patients with social phobia were selected from the clients of Shiraz  University clinic using clinical interview and social anxiety inventory. These groups were matched according to age, gender and education variable  with 12 normal subjects. Participants responded to the visual probe task using pictures of real faces.  Mixed repeated measures and LSD post-hoc test were used to analyze the data. Results: The analysis shows that in comparison with normal controls, socially phobic patients avoid threatening facial expressions. Social Phobia Attentional Bias Hyper-Vigilance and Avoidance 2009 4 01 56 67 http://icssjournal.ir/article-1-530-en.pdf