Advances in Cognitive Sciences
تازه های علوم شناختی
Advances in Cognitive Sciences
Literature & Humanities
http://icssjournal.ir
1
admin
1561-4174
2783-073x
10.30514/icss
fa
jalali
1399
10
1
gregorian
2021
1
1
22
4
online
1
fulltext
fa
اثربخشی یک دوره تمرینات ورزش مغزی بر انعطافپذیری شناختی مردان سالمند
Effectiveness of brain gym exercise on cognitive flexibility of male elderly
آموزش و پرورش و بازتوانی شناختی
پژوهشي اصیل
Research
<strong><span style="font-family:B Titr;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مقدمه:</span></span></strong> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">انعطافپذیری شناختی به عنوان توانمندی فرد در برقراری تعادل زیستی و روانی در شرایط خطرناک است و با افزایش سن کاهش مییابد. تمریناتی که بتواند انعطاف</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"></span></span></span><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پذیری شناختی را بهبود ببخشند از اهمیت زیادی برخوردارند. هدف این پژوهش، بررسی اثربخشی یک دوره تمرینات ورزش مغزی بر انعطاف</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">­</span></span><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پذیری شناختی مردان سالمند بود.</span></span><br>
<strong><span style="font-family:B Titr;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">روش کار:</span></span></strong> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پژوهش</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">حاضر</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نیمه ­آزمایشی</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">طرح</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پیش­آزمون</span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">_</span></span><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پس­آزمون و گروه کنترل</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بود.</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">جامعه آماری کلیه سالمندان مرد عضو کانون بازنشستگان شرکت نیشکر شهر شوش در سال 1397 بودند که از میان آنان 30 شرکت­کننده به صورت تصادفی و در دسترس انتخاب و در دو ­آزمایش</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و کنترل</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">قرار</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گرفتند (</span></span><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">هر گروه 15 نفر</span></span><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">).</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گروه</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">­آزمایش</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">طی</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">هشت</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">هفته،</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">هفته­ای</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دو</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">جلسه</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">30</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دقیقه­ای</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">اجرای</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تمرینات</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ورزش</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مغزی</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پرداختند.</span></span><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> از آزمون دسته­بندی کارت</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ویسکانسین</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">را برای ارزیابی انعطاف­پذیری شناختی استفاده شد. داده­ها به وسیله آزمون تحلیل کوواریانس یک­راهه در سطح معناداری (05/0</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;">≥</span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;">P</span></span><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">) به کمک نرم­افزار</span></span> <span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;">SPSS-2</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">5</span></span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تحلیل شد.</span></span><br>
<strong><span style="font-family:B Titr;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">یافته­ها:</span></span></strong><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> نتایج نشان­دهندۀ وجود تفاوت معنادار بین گروه ­آزمایش</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و کنترل</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">انعطاف­پذیری شناختی بود (01/0</span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;">></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;">P</span></span><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">). با توجه به مقادیر میانگین گروه­ها مشخص شد که گروه ­آزمایش</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دارای انعطاف­پذیری شناختی بهتری نسبت به گروه کنترل</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بود.</span></span><br>
<strong><span style="font-family:B Titr;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نتیجه­گیری:</span></span></strong> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که یک دوره تمرینات ورزش مغزی موجب افزایش انعطاف­پذیری شناختی سالمندان می­شود. بنابراین</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مربیان</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شاغلین</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">حوزه</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">سالمندان</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پیشنهاد می­شود</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">برای</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بهبود انعطاف­پذیری</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">روش</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">جدید</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تمرینی</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">استفاده</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شود.</span></span><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> </span></span>
<span dir="RTL"></span><strong>Introduction:</strong> The phenomenon of aging, according to the definition of the World Health Organization, refers to the age of 60, which is the result of the natural course of time, and leads to physiological, psychological and social changes in the elderly understanding the problems of aging is a challenge to any community. Cognitive disorders are among the most common problems in old age and have an extensive range of problems. Studies show that about 5% of people 65 and older have a severe cognitive impairment. Flexibility requires the ability to communicate with the present and differentiate oneself from thoughts and experiences within the psyche. Cognitive flexibility is considered an individual's ability to making equilibrium between psychological and well-being factors in hazardous conditions and decreases with aging. Therefore, the exercises that improve the ability of cognitive flexibility are essential. Brain exercises develop neural pathways in the brain through movement. This method can improve cognitive, psychological, and motor functions, including cognitive flexibility, self-confidence, self-esteem, coordination, and concentration. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of brain gym exercises on the cognitive flexibility of the male elderly.<br>
<strong>Methods</strong>: The present study method was semi-experimental with a pre-posttest design and a control group. To this end, 30 elder men were selected by the convenience sample method and randomly divided into two experimental (average mean: 85.7±4.41 years old) and control (average mean: 80.77±3.24 years old) groups. In the course of eight weeks, the experimental group conducted two sessions and each 30-minute session to perform the brain gym exercises. Inclusion criteria for performing the present protocol were: the age of 61 and older, no Alzheimer's (cognitive decline), the capacity to follow the set of instructions, ability to exercise, had no severe mobility problems, participated voluntarily in the study, and completed a consent form. Exclusion criteria included: not having enough motivation, not doing the movements correctly, and not attending training sessions regularly. The Wisconsin Card Storing Test was used to evaluate the flexibility of the participants. All the principles of ethics in research have been observed in this research. Participants were aware of the research’s purpose and were assured of the principle of information confidentiality. In addition, their informed written consent was obtained, and they could refuse to participate in the study if they wished. All stages of the present study were performed under the ethics principles in the research of the Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz with the code of ethics EE/99.3.02.5277/scu.ac.ir<span dir="RTL"></span><br>
<strong>Results: </strong>Data were analyzed by a one-way ANCOVA test at a significant level P≤0.05. The covariance analysis results revealed there was a significant difference between the performances of the two groups at post-test (P≤0.01) that favored the experimental group.<br>
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> The present study results showed that a period of brain exercise training increases the cognitive flexibility of the elderly. According to obtained findings, performing long-term brain gym exercises can be an effective intervention to improve cognitive functions in elderly with cognitive flexibility disorder.<span dir="RTL"></span><br>
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ورزش مغزی, سالمندان, انعطافپذیری, عملکرد شناختی
Brain gym, Elderly, Flexibility, Cognitive performance
65
74
http://icssjournal.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-972-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Maryam
Tootak
مریم
توتک
100319475328460010398
100319475328460010398
No
MSc of Motor Behavior, Sport Sciences Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
کارشناس ارشد رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران
Rasool
Abedanzadeh
رسول
عابدان زاده
R.abedanzadeh@scu.ac.ir
100319475328460010399
100319475328460010399
Yes
Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior, Sport Sciences Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
استادیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران